The dangers of frequent bathing for hamsters
Frequent bathing greatly shortens the life of a pet. Hamsters don't like water. They are not adapted to stay in liquid, even if it is short-term. Their fur is not thick and dense enough for rodents to quickly warm up. The hairs are not covered with water-repellent secretion.
The protective layers of the skin are delicate, so even after drinking water there is a risk of health problems. Additionally, water procedures can cause injury.
Stress when immersed in water
Hamsters can't swim. For them, immersion in liquid is fraught with death, especially if there is no way to stand on their paws. In water, the animal loses control over the situation; it has no chance to escape without the help of its owner. For this reason, rodents become very nervous. They break out, bite and cling to clothing. Under extreme stress, a heart attack can occur. Even if the pet survives, sometimes after shock it refuses water and food, becomes lethargic, and hides in shelters. In severe cases, the rodent becomes exhausted and dies.
Risk of hypothermia
Hamsters are not adapted to swimming. Their anatomical features do not provide protection from liquids. Trying to wash your pet can result in hypothermia, weakened immunity and pneumonia. Some owners, realizing this, try to dry the animal's fur with a hairdryer. You can't do that. The device frightens the pet, which increases stress. Excessively hot air can cause injury.
Trying to wash your pet can lead to hypothermia.
Violation of the protective layer of the skin
Since hamsters in the wild do not have to deal with water often, the protective layer on their skin is delicate, unstable, and easily destroyed. The liquid partially washes it away, which weakens the animal’s immunity. Due to the lack of a protective layer, skin problems arise. There is a possibility of hair loss.
Bathing with detergents is the most dangerous, especially if we are not talking about a special shampoo for hamsters, but about human shampoo.
Possible injury
The animal, sensing danger, instinctively breaks out and bites. If the owner drops the pet, the latter will fall either into the water or onto the floor. In the first case, the rodent swallows water and may drown. In the second, there is a risk of damage to internal organs and the spine. This can lead to the death of the animal.
Why is washing in water dangerous?
Incorrect, frequent bathing of hamsters results in serious consequences. The main disease of the rodent is hypothermia. The reasons lie in human carelessness and inattention. For example, the hamster got water in its ears or nose, or it was not dried well.
If the animal sneezes often, rubs its nose with its paws, mucous discharge protrudes from the nasal cavity, and the fur around the eyes is wet, then the hamster has a cold. Hypothermia is accompanied by pneumonia. Failure to contact a veterinarian in a timely manner will result in death for the pet, and in regret and bitterness for the person.
Does your hamster have a cold?
When is bathing necessary?
Before swimming, the benefits and risks are first assessed. If the first one outweighs, the procedures are carried out.
You can bathe your hamster in the following situations:
- The rodent got dirty in some food products. We are talking about foods that are prohibited and potentially dangerous for the hamster, such as mayonnaise, honey or jam. While such substances are on the rodent's fur, it can lick them off during the process of self-cleaning. In large quantities, the products will cause poisoning or death of the pet.
- The pet has stained its fur with chemicals. This is an even more dangerous situation. Most often, disinfectants and detergents end up on rodent fur. When they enter the stomach, they not only cause poisoning, but also injure the delicate mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. The risk of developing chronic pathologies increases.
- The animal has parasites. Hamsters are sometimes bothered by parasites and mites. This happens rarely, but the chance remains. In this case, it is better to wash your hamster than to allow it to suffer from bites and risk infection. For the procedures, a special anti-parasite shampoo is used.
You can bathe your hamster if the rodent has gotten dirty.
When can you do without washing?
You should not bathe your animal as a preventive measure or for your own peace of mind. Rodents do not need daily baths. They have no need to bathe in water; they cleanse themselves in other ways. Pets also do not experience pleasure from the process, so their quality of life will not deteriorate without the procedures.
There is no need to bathe if there is a bad odor. On the contrary, it may worsen the situation. Normally, your pet should not have any odor. The animal carefully cares for its fur, devoting several hours to it every day. Most often, the source of the unpleasant odor is bedding, bowls, stale food supplies, etc. In this case, it is enough to clean with water and a soft sponge.
An unpleasant odor from the pet itself is a sign of illness. Even if the animal has simply stopped caring for itself, you need to contact a veterinarian. The smell can also come from fur, secretions, etc. In this case, the situation is worse, since it is a symptom of a dangerous pathology. You should not bathe an animal if you suspect a disease: this will worsen the general condition and accelerate the course of the disease.
Drawing conclusions
To summarize, I would like to highlight the most important points of our publication:
- Djungarians can be bathed in water. Moreover, some individuals simply love to take baths.
- An unpleasant odor does not always indicate that your pet needs to be washed. Often the smell occurs because the rodent is sick or because the cage was not cleared of food debris in time.
- When placing the bath in the cage, be careful to ensure that water does not get into your pet’s ears or eyes.
- After bathing activities, be sure to dry your furry baby and make sure that his fur is dry, so you can avoid the occurrence of colds.
- In general, hamsters can easily cope with cleaning their fur on their own, so do not overuse bath procedures.
We sincerely wish you and your pets good health!
Features of bathing for different breeds of hamsters
When bathing, you need to take into account the characteristics of different breeds. Some are more likely to encounter water, others almost never encounter large open sources, so their fear is genetic. Another problem is the anatomical structure. Dwarf hamsters are easier to injure, so you need to be especially careful with them.
Syrians
The Syrian hamster has difficulty with bathing. It should be washed as quickly as possible, but without a strong stream of water. The animal should not be allowed to swim even in a shallow container. Syrians have weak immunity, so they can become cold and get sick. If the animal is not afraid of noise, you can dry the fur with a hairdryer on low setting.
Otherwise, wrap your pet in a towel to quickly warm him up. At the same time, this will help remove excess liquid.
Dzungariki
Problems rarely arise with this breed, since bathing a dwarf hamster is not difficult. Some animals are even happy to be in the water. Representatives of the breed have short fur, so the risk of catching a cold is lower. After the procedures, remove any remaining moisture from the fur coat with a napkin or towel. The immunity of Djungarian hamsters is stronger than that of Syrian hamsters, but after bathing it is better to remove the cage from drafts.
Djungarians have strong immunity, so the risk of catching a cold when swimming is lower.
Summary
So, is it possible to wash hamsters with water? The answer is yes, but quickly, very carefully and only in extreme cases. In general, bathing procedures should be avoided, since neither the Dzungarians nor the Syrians are adapted to them (the latter in particular)
To wash your hamster, use special sand from a pet store - this will almost always be enough.
Sand for hamsters is more of a luxury than a necessity. However, having seen at least once how excitedly a Djungarian hamster bathes in the sand, the owner is ready to provide his pet with such a bath on an ongoing basis. Many questions immediately arise: what kind of sand is needed, how often can you bathe, how does this affect the health of the animal.
Bath container
You can purchase a bathing suit at a pet store (the smallest one intended for birds), or use improvised means.
The container should be deep so that the homa does not scatter sand around and fall out, rolling from side to side. It’s good if the container is transparent - watching rodents wash themselves is incredibly funny. The Syrian hamster usually rubs its sides, “rides” around the sandbox, dwarf hamsters roll over on their backs and tumble.
The container must be stable so as not to tip over. Use:
- a plastic container for wet wipes with the lid removed;
- glass round terrarium, aquarium;
- food container, deep bowl.
Sand
The sand for bathing hamsters should not be too coarse so that the particles do not injure the skin, but not too fine so that the dust does not irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.
Can not use:
For parrots
Cleaning feathers is different from cleaning the fine hairs of thick fur. Sand for parrots is not only hygiene, but also mineral nutrition. Crushed shells, activated carbon and other impurities are added to it. It is not suitable for rodents.
Volcanic
Volcanic sand is sand only in name and has nothing in common with the usual quartz. This is a clay mineral powder (aluminosilicates, zeolite), light and fine. It is harmful to hamsters - they start sneezing.
Sand for chinchillas
To buy a bath filler at a pet store, you need to know what kind of sand is needed for hamsters. It is not produced specifically for these rodents. It makes no sense to ask the consultant whether chinchilla sand can be used for hamsters. Experience of hamster breeders: possible, but not everyone.
A good sand for a hamster is one that does not contain talc. Before purchasing, study the composition. Trusted companies use the mineral sepiolite and quartz, and the small grains of sand have a round shape.
Suitable options indicating the country of origin and approximate price:
- JRFarm “ChinchillaSand” (250-350 rubles per 1 kg, Germany);
- Vitakraft “Sandy” (420-440 rubles per 1 kg, Germany);
- Padovan “Bathing Sand” (560-600 rubles for 2 l., Italy);
- Beaphar “XtraVital” (500-600 rubles for 2 liters, the Netherlands);
- Versele-Laga “Chinchilla Bathing Sand” (600-650 rubles for 2 liters, i.e. 1.3 kg, Belgium).
When calculating how much sand for hamsters costs, you should remember that the packaging will last a long time for one animal: the sand can be used repeatedly. Sand is packaged for a chinchilla, which weighs 10 times more than a chinchilla.
A layer of at least 2-3 cm is poured into the bathing suit.
Bathing process
To prevent the bath from turning into a sleeping hut with supplies or a toilet, the container is not left in the cage on a permanent basis. Sand for hamsters - Djungarians and Syrians - is an irresistible temptation to relieve themselves. Therefore, after the bathing procedure, it is sifted, and especially responsible owners - calcined. Store the sand in a tightly closed container so that it does not accumulate moisture.
Bathing is carried out 1-2 times a week. The hamster should not be left alone; the bathtub should be removed as soon as the pet loses interest in it. The procedure should not last more than half an hour.
This bath is a good alternative. The owner does not need to think about how to bathe a hamster in the sand so as not to harm the pet. The animal will do everything itself, guided by instinct.
Difficulties only happen the first time. The hamster may simply ignore the new object. Then the question arises - how to accustom a hamster to sand. It's enough to wait. The bathing suit is placed in the cage (or, conversely, the rodent is placed in it) only when the animal has woken up for night activity, is well-fed and alert. After a quarter of an hour, the curious pet will begin to rummage through the bathing suit, and soon begin to lie around.
How to properly wash a hamster at home
For the first time, it is recommended to call an assistant, since washing a hamster at home is not easy. He may try to slip out of his hands.
Preparing for a swim
Before bathing, it is recommended to check your pet's reaction to water. You can even try to train a rodent. To do this, carefully take it in your hand and bring it to the container. The water level should not be higher than the animal's paws. If your pet is under severe stress, squeaks, breaks out and bites, you will have to wash it with your fingers dipped in water without immersing it in a container.
What is necessary
For swimming you only need a container and towels. It is advisable to take a small piece of fabric and cover the bottom of the “bathtub” with it. Thanks to this, the hamster will not slide, which will make him a little calmer and partially prevent injury.
It is not recommended to use shampoo. It is difficult to wash it off well, especially if the animal is under severe stress. Incomplete removal of detergents from wool is fraught with poisoning.
In most cases, there is no strict need to use shampoo.
Bathing process
The hamster is placed in a container with a small amount of water. It is carefully washed with your fingers, wetting the dry areas of the coat. If the animal is accustomed to a brush, you can use it. The areas of the ears, eyes and head should be avoided. When fluid gets into the ear cavity, otitis media develops.
The bathing process takes place in a small container.
It is forbidden to rub vigorously or use a rough sponge during the process. This can injure your pet. At best, you will damage his skin and provoke the development of dermatitis, at worst, you will injure him. You need to hold the hamster not too tightly, but not too weakly either: the animal can escape.
Drying the animal
After bathing, the hamster is dried with a soft cloth. It is carried out along the direction of hair growth. The animal is then wrapped in a dry towel and kept there until completely dry.
It is advisable to keep your pet busy with treats to reduce stress levels.
How to dry an animal?
To prevent your Homa from getting sick after a “bath,” you need to dry his fur well. But don’t try to do this with a hairdryer: the noise will scare the animal, and the hot air flow will dry out the skin.
First, you need to wrap the animal in a highly absorbent cloth or towel and blot the liquid. After this, the wool will remain damp. Place the homa on a dry towel and repeat the procedure, lightly pressing the fabric with your fingers, so the moisture will be absorbed better.
When the fur becomes barely damp, you can put your pet in a cage with fresh bedding on a dry cloth. Place the cage in a warm place for a couple of hours, for example, near a radiator.
Rodents bathing in the sand
Sand bathing is the safest and most natural alternative. The material cleanses wool well from stubborn dirt. During the bathing process, the pet experiences pleasure. The material is not capable of harming the animal.
For swimming you need to buy special sand. It must be intended for hamsters. You should not buy sand for chinchillas: it is fine-grained, so it can get into the animal’s respiratory tract. It also does a worse job of cleaning hamsters' fur.
A small amount of sand is poured into a container and placed in the cage. After this, the hamster will become interested in the new product and begin to bathe. After cleaning is completed, the container is removed. Otherwise it will turn into 2 toilets.
Sand alternative to swimming
In nature, animals love to frolic in the sand
, swimming is a lot of fun. To prevent severe contamination of the animals' fur, you need to from time to time place a box of sand in the hamster's cage, in which he will constantly bathe.
After a quick wash in the sand, it is recommended to remove the bathing vessel. At the same time, you need to comb out sand from your pet’s fur with brushes. This procedure will greatly help the natural cleansing of the hamster's fur.
Sand requires the most purified composition, you can add talc there
for better glide.
Whether or not to wash your pet is up to each owner to decide for himself. Before bathing your animal, weigh the pros and cons. It may be enough to simply wipe the hamster's skin thoroughly with a damp cloth and the dirt will disappear.
Hamsters are by nature very neat and clean creatures - they brush their fur 3-5 times a day and constantly “preen themselves”. It is highly undesirable to wash hamsters! The process itself and its consequences, without exaggeration, are dangerous to the life of a hamster. Washing a rodent is fraught with serious stress, from which the hamster may not recover. The washing process itself (usually beginners try to do this under running water) is risky - the hamster desperately resists and can get injured, dislocated, or even slip out of your hands when wet. In addition, washing is dangerous due to one hundred percent violation (complete washing away) of the special thin protective layer of fat on the hamster’s skin. The result is no immunity, no health: after washing, rodents are likely to get at least a cold, or at most pneumonia. And as you know, it is very difficult to cure colds in rodents. After such arguments, do you still want to wash your pet? Some owners go even “further” - they pour water into a plate and “teach the hamster to swim,” after which they photograph the “process” and post it on social networks. This is a form of mockery of the one you tamed! Rodents in nature will never voluntarily wet their fur, much less “swim.” Do not experiment on those who trust you and whose lives depend only on you!
So, take it for granted that hamsters cannot be washed. But what to do if the animal does not look very neat, as if slightly “greasy”? Perhaps a dirty coat may indicate that you are not changing the bedding in your hamster's cage often enough. Untidy fur can also be a symptom of ill health, so it wouldn’t hurt to show your pet to a veterinarian, or analyze your hamster’s diet - are you feeding it correctly, does it have enough water and vitamins? If the hamster is healthy, then you can make the fur look more presentable with sand bathing. Give your hamster the opportunity to clean his coat in sand - pour it into a plastic container with a layer thickness of about 1.5-2 cm and place it in the cage. Most animals will happily have a fun romp in the sand, spin around and preen themselves “along the way.” True, you shouldn’t leave the sand bath in the cage for a long time - hamsters may choose it as a convenient toilet and start marking.
If the hamster gets really dirty (for example, with jam, children's paints, ordinary dirt - you never know where a hamster can accidentally get into), you can clean it easily and safely using ordinary (not perfume!) sanitary wet wipes. It is better to choose baby wipes with a neutral scent. Use gentle stroking movements to remove dirt, changing wipes frequently. You can use cotton pads moistened with warm water and lightly wrung out. Have the dirt been removed? Dry the hamster's fur and avoid opening the windows for at least 3-4 hours to avoid catching your pet's cold. Long-haired hamsters can be combed with a special comb, and short-haired ones can be combed with a regular toothbrush.
Is it possible to wash Djungarian hamsters with water?
Like many other furry animals, hamsters can clean their coats on their own. They themselves are clean, and lick their fur several times a day.
However, there are situations in which this is not enough to cleanse yourself of obsessive dirt. The owner of the hamster should be prepared in advance for this and know what to do in such cases.
Djungarian hamsters are mostly steppe animals. They are more hardy than the Syrian ones. And yet, even a small draft can cause unpleasant diseases to such a small organism.
Bathing hamsters in water is acceptable if the procedures are short-lived and carried out only when absolutely necessary, when other cleaning methods do not help.
When you decide to bathe your little pet and warn against possible illnesses, do not forget to take into account all the recommendations that are outlined below.
Do rodents like to bathe?
Representatives of the order Rodents do not like to swim in water. The exception is animals for which shallow rivers and reservoirs are a place for hunting. Wild hamsters generally try to stay away from water. Their limbs are not adapted for rowing, and the high frequency of respiratory movements does not allow them to hold their breath for a long time under water. That is, wild fluffies will only go into the water if there is a threat to their life, for example, during forest fires or at the sight of a predator.
But is it possible to bathe hamsters in water if they are pets? Is it necessary to wash an animal if it suddenly begins to smell unpleasant? Since all known domesticated breeds are quite close in habits to their wild relatives, they also strongly dislike water. Moreover, the kids are terribly afraid of her. There are, of course, exceptions when these funny animals bathe with pleasure, but frequent contact with water can harm their health.
Harm from frequent water treatments
Many hamster owners mistakenly think that rodents love to spend time in water, but this is completely wrong. Of course, it is not difficult to teach a hamster to swim just by placing it in a shallow container. The rodent will be forced to swim, but this will not happen from the desire to splash around.
The animal's self-preservation instinct simply kicks in. Afraid of drowning, the baby begins to move his little paws as quickly as possible. In this case, they can be compared with representatives of cats, because they also hate water, however, if necessary, they are able to swim.
Of course, the character of each animal is individual, and there may be some that really like water procedures. However, this does not mean that it is acceptable to allow your pet to spend excessive time in the water.
And it’s not just about the possibility of getting hypothermia and a subsequent cold. There are other equally important reasons.
The body of such a small creature is, in principle, not designed for such an activity as swimming. The load received during swimming, coupled with the stress experienced, will have a negative impact on the animal.
In some cases, the animal goes into cardiac arrest. Any stress leads to poor health; even seemingly minimal harm will ruin the animal’s quality of life.
A responsible owner must pay enough attention to his pet and notice the slightest changes in his behavior or appearance. If you notice that the hamster has begun to wash itself in the water, it is better to stop bathing immediately.
Washing a rodent using cosmetic pads and wet wipes
In addition to classic bathing and sand, you can wash your pet using cotton pads and wet wipes. The disc is very simple to use: moisten it in water and rub it over the contaminated area with light stroking movements.
You need to use napkins the same way. But there is one important point here: they should not contain alcohol or any kind of chemical elements that can ruin the hamster’s fur and damage the skin. The ideal option is to wash with baby wipes.
As with bathing, after wiping with napkins or discs, the coat should be thoroughly dried with a towel. If this is not done, the pet may get sick.
On behalf of the entire hamster family, I express my gratitude for not throwing it into the bathtub! Or much worse...
Is it possible to eliminate pollution without resorting to bathing with water?
The Djungarians themselves are quite clean creatures and for the most part they do not need human help to cleanse themselves. And yet, once a week you can make sand baths, for which you should use a special container. In the wild, hamsters use just this method of bathing rather than water.
If you notice that there is dirt on the hamster's fur, take a wide brush (a hair coloring brush or an art brush made of dense bristles is suitable) or an ordinary toothbrush. Moisten it a little, gently and slowly move it over the animal’s fur. After finishing the procedure, wipe with a towel. You should not bathe your hamster in water again, as this may make him sick.
Sequence of actions when bathing a Djungarian hamster
We wet the Djungarian hamster
The hamster should be placed on a flat surface, and then water at room temperature should be poured on top. Try not to wet the animal’s head and especially the animal’s ears and nose. It is highly undesirable to wash your pet with tap water in order to avoid unexpected temperature changes. And a slippery sink is not the best place for washing.
Soaping a Djungarian hamster
Shampoo in its pure form is completely unsuitable. Just a drop is enough to be diluted in water. Appear with foam and lather the wool with massaging movements. This is done with your fingers, without using a washcloth or sponge.
Rinsing a Djungarian hamster
After using shampoo, the coat and skin are thoroughly rinsed with water to completely rinse off the detergent. Pay special attention to this, if particles of shampoo remain, the animal may accidentally lick it off and get an upset stomach.
List of necessary components for washing
A bowl
Washing your hamster in the sink is not the best option. It is better if the animal can rest on its paws and not slide too much. A bath for a hamster is any small, stable container.
Fill the bowl with slightly warm water (slightly above room temperature) to 2 cm.
Available means
If you simply rinse the animal with water, running your hands over the body, it is not enough to clean the fur using a cloth or a soft toothbrush. It is convenient to wipe the face, eyes, and anus with cotton pads.
Shampoo without fragrance
Only for special stains (sticky or toxic substances) use detergent. The pet store may not sell a special shampoo for hamsters, but it’s good if you can buy a detergent for washing rodents or rabbits. It is better not to use human products (even for babies): they are intended for a different skin pH.
Hand towel, pet cloth, paper towels
Delicacy
Food rewards can help reduce stress and keep your pet in your arms long enough to dry him off. Juicy or protein food (piece of chicken, fruit) is usually used as a treat. The animal must like the product.
Assistant
In order to bathe a hamster, two people may be required, this is more convenient. Small nimble animals should not be let out of your hands even for a moment. While the owner holds the rodent, the assistant pours water and gives a towel.
How do dungarians swim in the sand?
Calling a hamster a pet is only partially true, because it is not at all difficult to find it in the wild. As a rule, these are inhabitants of the steppes and some desert regions. It's no surprise that they like to spend a lot of time bathing in the sand.
In addition, bathing your pet in the sand will be the best alternative to swimming in water. Carrying out such procedures is not at all difficult: just place a small bowl or box of sand directly into your pet’s cage.
When the hamster has had enough of bathing and playing in the sand, the container is removed to prevent contamination from appearing in it. As an addition, you can go over the fur with a brush so that the sand remaining on the hairs and skin does not interfere and does not cause irritation.
This method, for the most part, does not cause any harm to the pet, perfectly removes dirt and is generally quite simple, and will not bring any special costs to the owner.
But it’s worth saying that you don’t need to use it too often: by constantly being in the sand, the hamster runs the risk of inhaling small grains of sand. Bathing should occur 1-2 times a week, not more often.
One way or another, before you start washing the animal, it is better to first coordinate this issue with a veterinarian. He will clearly explain what contraindications to bathing may be and give useful recommendations, so that your pet will remain not only clean, but also healthy.
Rules for caring for hamsters
If you want to have a living creature at home that is interesting to watch and does not require special care and walking, then a hamster fits this category perfectly.
The only troublesome point is that all hamsters are active at night, so at this time of day they will fuss, puff and even squeak. They don’t need your attention at this time, so you can simply move the cage to another room.
The hamster is a nocturnal animal. At this time of day he is very active.
Choosing a house
You should not place your new pet in a bottle or aquarium - such dwellings are poorly ventilated and quickly “suffocate”. Moreover, due to stale air, your little friend may get sick.
Whether it's better to buy a cage—with or without bells and whistles—depends on your financial situation. The hamster will feel comfortable in a warm, clean and dry home, and all the play equipment is an optional nice addition.
Note! A cage with tunnels is much more difficult to clean properly. Plus, the hamster will use the tunnels as a food storage facility, and his house will have to be cleaned more often.
If you are getting a mixed-sex couple, then you need to buy a cage of such a size that each pet has personal space.
A hamster is a burrowing animal, so paper (not newspaper, as printing ink releases a toxin that is dangerous for a small animal) or sawdust is suitable as bedding. You can buy special litter for rodents in pet stores - it absorbs moisture well and prevents the spread of odor.
Nutrition
The hamster will try everything you offer him, but it is best to feed him a special mixture that contains all the nutrients and vitamins the animal needs. Periodically, 2-3 times a week, you can pamper your pet with fresh vegetables and fruits. Try to use ripe hard fruits for treats - cucumber, apple, pumpkin. You can give greens.
A hamster can eat anything, so it is important to carefully monitor its diet.
Sweet, soft fruits will stain the cage and animal, and can also cause diarrhea. Sweets, chocolate, baked goods are strictly contraindicated for rodents.
Don't forget to drink! There should always be a drinking bowl filled with fresh water in the house.
Your hamster should always have a drinking bowl with fresh water.
Conclusion: the hamster is clean, unpretentious in food, and does not require special care. You can bathe your hamster, but you don't need to.
Don’t forget – the health and long life of your beloved pet is in your hands.
Important! A hamster is not a soulless toy, but a living, thinking creature, and before you get one, think about whether you can surround the animal with care and love. If yes, then you will get a cute, cheerful animal that will bring joy to your home.
