Most often, rats have a dark fur color, ranging from silver to brown or black, but there is an artificially bred line of albino rats. They are happily adopted by families hoping to get a peaceful and docile pet of an unusual color. Where these rodents came from and what features they have, we will consider further.
How did white rats appear?
Albinos are descended from ordinary wild rats. In nature, snow-white individuals are extremely rare. Therefore, these rodents became widespread only at the beginning of the 20th century. Due to the strong similarity of their chromosomal makeup to humans, scientists have actively bred white rats in the laboratory to conduct research in the fields of genetics, virology and microbiology.
The snow-white color is explained by the complete absence of melanin pigment in the skin and coat.
The eyes of albino rats are not actually red, as is commonly believed, but completely transparent. Therefore, blood vessels are easily visible through the eyeballs. They are what give the eyes a red tint.
Do hamsters bite?
This question interests most breeders, since the animal is often purchased for a child. Any hamster can bite, regardless of whether it is white or not.
Campbell's hamsters are considered the most aggressive, so you need to wear special gloves when playing and handling them. Syrians have a friendly disposition. They do not show aggression, are willing to be held, and love to play with children.
Djungarian hamsters show aggression towards their relatives and can even bite humans. This is due to the manifestation of dissatisfaction, defense of territory, or the painful condition of the pet. Even the calmest pet can bite a person.
Albinism is a mutation caused by the lack of melanin pigment in the skin, fur and iris of the eyes. Hamsters of any breed can be albinos. For quality care of white rodents, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of their body.
Hamsters are very special pets. There are more than 20 breeds of hamsters, but no more than 5 main species are kept as pets. Below is a list of the most common types of hamsters with photographs.
Features and differences of albinos
The main feature of albino rats is their rather poor health. Animals are prone to developing chronic diseases and tumors, and also have weak immunity. Therefore, it is better for representatives of this breed to live at home. In the wild they will quickly die. And not only because of various diseases - snow-white wool is an excellent bait for predators.
Albinos also have high cognitive abilities. First of all, they are prone to sympathy and empathy. There are cases where fluffies looked after weakened cage neighbors and even offered them their food.
What determines the lifespan of a rodent?
The peculiarity of these rodents is that many lines were bred for laboratory testing. This means that animals were selected and bred for desired qualities. Some carry the obesity gene - the Zucker line, others are “tailored” for arterial hypertension - rats with high blood pressure. Animals with oncogenes and immunodeficiency were in demand for science. If a rat carries such a gene, it has a high risk of developing the disease, and it is difficult to predict how long the animal will survive with such heredity.
The second dangerous point is inbreeding - inbreeding, when the offspring gradually degenerate. Such animals are bred not only for research, but also for food.
If a rat has a genetic disorder, it will not live long.
To avoid buying a laboratory or food animal, you should not purchase a pet at the market, in a pet store or through an advertisement. You should choose an animal through clubs of rodent lovers by going to a specialized forum. This gives you a chance to buy a potentially healthy pet. One of the decorative breeding lines is Wistar.
Description of the rat
Experienced rat breeders recommend that you first study, at least in general terms, information regarding the albino breed before going to the pet store for a new pet.
Appearance
The body parameters of albino rats are slightly smaller than those of the standard breed. The weight of an adult male is 400-500 g. While females weigh a little less - 300-400 grams. In addition to the pure white coat, the characteristic features of representatives of this breed are:
- strong build, oval body shape;
- small eyes and ears;
- long whiskers;
- elongated face, sharp nose;
- long scaly tail covered with sparse short hairs.
Among rats, partial albinos are very rare. These fluffies have white fur, but their eyes are black. A special feature of these individuals is the possibility of transmitting genes responsible for black or gray coat color.
Character and behavior
Despite their mysterious appearance, albino rats are very sociable and good-natured animals. Snow-white fluffies are absolutely not prone to aggression, they do not get into fights or altercations with their cage neighbors. Rodents also build trusting relationships with humans. It won't take much time to tame a new pet.
In addition, albino rats have high mental abilities. From the first days they get used to their nickname, are amenable to training, and feel the mood of the owner. They are also able to express their emotions. For example, they scream in alarm, signaling the approach of danger, or squeak contentedly with pleasure while in the owner’s arms.
Owner reviews
CoeEkaterina
At the end of May we got ourselves a little friend - a decorative rat. They named him Stephen. He is a white, handsome boy with a bald tail. Initially, we did not have a cage; Stephen lived in a box. So, this is the worst idea. He happily gnawed at the box, ran away and traveled around the apartment. We bought a cage. Now he loves his house more than anything.
The cage cost about 600 rubles. It has three floors. We put the filler down, where the pet can safely perform its intimate affairs. The second floor used to be empty, but now there is something like a covered hammock hanging. The third floor is now empty. There used to be a house, but after a while the little rat began to get stuck in the house. I had to remove it.
We buy any food for rodents. Special sticks that rats love to chew. In addition to special food, we also give bread, meat (not raw), and fruit. In principle, rats are not picky eaters. With us, Steve eats everything he can see. Quite a calm animal. But we have a little rat coward. He is afraid to leave his house, if you let him go for a walk, for example, on the table, he will take a walk, but he is afraid to eat in the wild.
You shouldn't leave things near the cage; we successfully chewed two T-shirts and one book. We don't leave things around anymore. Even if it seems to you that the little thing is far away and he won’t reach it, then you are wrong. Somehow, miraculously, they will get everything through the bars :)
Teaching a rat some commands is quite difficult, but quite possible. We are now trying to rid the baby of fear. As I said above, she is afraid to be outside her home. Next we will teach some basic commands.
Is it worth buying a rat? If you don't like animals, don't buy. And of course, if you are too lazy to often change the litter, wash your pet and care for it, then not only should you not buy a rat, but any other animal too.
arth
I had both hamsters and mice. But I was drawn to heavier artillery.
I went to the nearest pet store and bought an ordinary white rat (female, about 5 months old). Classic, white fur, red eyes, pink paws and a tail barely covered with fur, I had to call her Lariska.
She put her in a small cage in which a hamster had previously lived, and soon went to buy a new one, the rat had no place to turn around! A couple of weeks later, I bought her a friend (who, by the way, is her sister), at first they fought and sorted things out in a very funny way, but then they became friends and began to sleep together and play, only sometimes they took food from each other.
And a couple of weeks later, the second rat gave birth to 11 baby rats, 10 alive and 1 dead! (I knew I was buying a pregnant one). And I was amazed at how good and responsible mothers rats are! She gathered everyone in a heap under her and fed them, washed and cleaned them, built a nest for them when she felt danger, and dragged each one to a new place. Very cute. The rat babies grew up very quickly, and I had to give them away, I kept one for myself, the little rat was born of the Dumbo breed.
bird777
My love for rats began with the very first black and white rat, Felix, whom I bought at the market as a little rat. He immediately captivated me because he didn’t bite at all; before I had rats, I had hamsters, and I came across very biting ones that were even impossible to tame.
Rats will not sit on your hands for a long time, they are twisted, they always need to move and run somewhere. That's why a cage needs a wheel. But preferably something completely metal, otherwise they will chew the plastic one, as happened with us.
Food: I bought wheat, corn, barley, peas, seeds, rye at the market where they sell food for domestic chickens, mixed everything, and I got the main food for rats. In the summer she brought them green grass. Be sure to bring twigs from trees all year round; they need something to chew on to wear down their teeth.
In general, they eat everything. It goes without saying that they cannot have any “human” food, especially fried or boiled food. But sometimes we still couldn’t resist pampering them with a cookie or a piece of bread. They also sometimes gave us bones from chicken legs; the rats simply adore them and eat almost the entire bone. They also like cucumbers, various fruits, and boiled eggs.
The main disadvantage of rats is their unpleasant odor. It was heard even from one little rat, and when I had 9 of them, I had to clean the cages every day. But in principle, it’s not difficult to just change the bedding in the cage every day, especially if you have 1-2 rats and you clean it every day, there won’t be an unpleasant smell in the house. At first I used sawdust. Then I tried hay, but the smell from the hay became simply hellish, I quickly abandoned this idea.
The best option turned out to be mixing wood cat litter with sawdust, as this will reduce the smell.
You can also bathe the rats, then they will smell even less. We simply filled the bathtub with water and let them swim. It is advisable to put something in the middle that the rats can climb on to rest and swim further. Everyone swam with pleasure. Then the wet ones are very funny, but when they dry, they become even fluffier and odorless. The main thing is to place a cage with wet rats, where there is no draft, and under no circumstances bathe them if it is cold in the house.
Video
How long do albinos live?
Albino rats get sick quite often. They have a very weak immune system, so even a common cold can lead to the death of the animal. Often representatives of this breed die at the age of 1.5-2 years. While the life expectancy of rats of other varieties is 3-3.5 years.
However, owners of albinos can still extend the life of their pet. To do this, you need to take care of the furry’s health - organize proper nutrition, protect the cage from cold and drafts, and maintain cleanliness in the animal’s home.
Also, at the slightest manifestation of painful symptoms, you should immediately take the rat to the veterinarian. If the above conditions are met, you can safely extend the life of an albino to 3 years.
Hygiene
The pet's fur and claws require special attention from the owner. The animal performs basic hygiene procedures itself. This is a very clean animal. You can often see a rodent washing itself.
Brush the fur of the red-eyed albino with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Animals love this procedure very much if it does not cause them pain. If you notice yellowish spots on the fur, you should contact your veterinarian, as this may be a sign of some disease. In case of severe contamination, the animal can be washed in a deep bowl, but you need to be prepared for the fact that the rat is unlikely to like the procedure.
If the animal does not grind its claws down on its own, then they have to be trimmed. This is necessary so that the fingertips do not suffer. For this manipulation, special nail clippers or nail clippers are used. The procedure is simple and does not cause pain to the rat.
Care and maintenance
For the normal growth and development of the animal, it will be necessary to provide it with proper care and create comfortable living conditions. This is not difficult to do, just follow a few basic recommendations:
- Organize a suitable microclimate. Due to poor health, albinos are very sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is better to place your pet in a shaded room with an air temperature of +20-22ᵒC and a humidity of 60-70%.
- Choose a cage responsibly. The structure should be spacious, preferably multi-tiered, with a secure lock. To avoid escape, the optimal distance between the rods is 10-12 mm. Inside you will need to install a house and several hammocks for relaxation, a play complex with a variety of equipment, 2 feeders and 2-3 drinking bowls. Trays can be installed if desired. Albino rats are very intelligent animals, so they can be easily trained to go to the toilet in one specific place.
- Take care to implement sanitary and hygienic measures. First of all, choose a cage with a plastic tray that can be easily removed and washed. It needs to be cleaned at least 2 times a week. Feeders and drinkers should be rinsed with boiling water every day. Once a month you will need to thoroughly disinfect the cage itself and everything inside.
- Pay attention to the hygiene of the pet itself. Albinos are very clean and lick their own fur. However, 1-2 times a month you need to give your rat a warm bath. For this, a regular basin is used. After bathing, the fur will need to be thoroughly dried with a towel so that the animal does not catch a cold.
Sick and weakened individuals require special care. They are not able to wash themselves and clean their fur coat. Therefore, it is necessary to wipe your face with it after each meal until complete recovery. And brush the fur, especially in the genital area, once a day - in the evening before bed. You will also need to prevent the growth of long claws, which the animal can use to injure itself. To trim nails, it is better to buy special tweezers at a pet store.
Relationships with people
Albinos are quite smart and cunning animals, but they are quite trainable. White rats almost always remember their nicknames, and they can also remember the nicknames of their other relatives who live in the neighborhood.
Remember! You should buy a cage with a more secure lock, as these rodents can learn to open cages with simple latches.
A simple latch on the door is not an obstacle for an albino rat
We can assume that they are very friendly animals towards people, the same cannot be said about their wild relatives. White rats are quite sociable rodents. They love affection and love to have their backs stroked. Therefore, when you decide to pet your pet, he will not mind.
Important! With regular communication with your pet, you can quickly tame it. But we must remember that these rodents have excellent memory and remember well those who hurt them.
What to feed a white rat
The health of an albino rat largely depends on a properly organized diet. For convenience, you can buy ready-made specialized mixtures at a pet store (Little One Rats, Fiory Superpremium Ratty, Rat, Vaka). Or you can provide your pet with natural food, which requires more time and expense, but is more beneficial for an albino. You will need to include the following components in your rat's daily menu:
- Greens - parsley, lettuce, celery, dill. For variety, even ordinary grass will do - wheatgrass, dandelion, plantain.
- Cereals. The basis of the diet is wheat. Additionally, it is worth offering the albino rat unpolished rice, oats, corn, millet, and buckwheat.
- Fresh vegetables and fruits - cucumber, broccoli, carrots, zucchini, apple, banana, pears, pumpkin.
- Fermented milk products - crumbly cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, kefir, low-fat yogurt, curdled milk, Varenets.
- Lean meat - boiled beef, chicken, rabbit, turkey. You can also offer boiled fish and seafood 2-3 times a week.
For weak albino rats, foods prohibited for rodents can be harmful: candy, sausages, potatoes, cheeses, smoked meats, spices, and fatty foods.
Occasionally, 1-2 times a week, you are allowed to pamper your pet with various treats - grain cookies, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, dried mealworms. Also, don't forget to drink. For normal metabolism, the fluffy dog must have unhindered access to fresh water.
Why do animals suddenly die?
The life of a free-ranging domestic animal is dangerous. The house is full of inedible detergents and cleaning products, and current flows through the wires: you must understand that the rat will definitely try everything that is in its field of vision. Apartment owners do not always look at their feet and tend to move heavy furniture into places where a curious animal has accidentally wandered. An unsuccessful fall after climbing curtains or a careless exit onto the balcony can result in a fatal outcome.
Terriers, dachshunds and cats with a strong hunting instinct pose a mortal threat to a tame rodent. Through an open door, a pampered pet can get out into the street, where it has no chance of survival. All these troubles can be avoided if you keep the animal in a cage and walk it under supervision in a fenced-off area.
Particularly anxious pets can die of a heart attack if they are frightened by something.
Breeding Albinos
Puberty in albino rats is completed by 6-7 weeks of life. But at this age, mating is extremely undesirable, since the young, fragile body of the female will suffer greatly from bearing babies and subsequent births.
The optimal age for breeding albinos is considered to be 3-4 months. The female comes into heat once a week. It is during this period that a male should be placed in her cage. Mating games last 3-4 hours, after which the boy can be separated.
Pregnancy in albino rats lasts on average 3 weeks. After 8-12 days you can see signs of an interesting situation:
- noticeable weight gain, especially in the abdominal area;
- increased appetite;
- frequent mood changes;
- nesting - the female spends a lot of time in one corner and constantly drags paper, fabric, and filler there.
Pregnancy and childbirth in rats usually go well and do not require additional human intervention. At the appointed time, the female gives birth to pups, independently gnawing the umbilical cord and clearing the cubs of amniotic fluid. After carrying out hygiene measures, the new mother gathers all the newborns into a pile and begins feeding.
Despite the fact that a rat has only 12 nipples, and often produces many more babies, there is enough milk for everyone. Lactation is well developed in rodents. The female will simply divide the babies into 2 groups and feed them in turn.
During the first 2-3 weeks, you should not handle the baby rats, otherwise the female may abandon the cubs.
At the age of 5-6 weeks, the pups are ready to leave their mother. This is especially true for boys. To prevent a rat that has recently given birth from becoming pregnant again, it is better to remove young males early - at the age of 4-5 weeks.
Feeding
The main diet of a decorative rat consists of cereals and cereals; they also eat well succulent foods such as apples, carrots, grapes, bananas, in general, almost all fruits and vegetables.
There is a stereotype that rats are omnivores, but this is not true. It is not recommended to give rats salty, sweet, fatty, fried, carbonated foods. The rat itself will not sort out what it can and cannot do; just like a person, it is guided by the concepts of “tasty - tasteless.” Few people know, but rats love insects very much, I offered them Zophobas larvae, marbled cockroaches, Turkmen cockroaches, rats eat them as a favorite treat, regardless of whether they are hungry or not.
How much does an albino rat cost?
The cost of albino rats is quite high. To buy a snow-white rat pup from a professional breeder you will have to shell out 1000-1500 rubles. On the poultry market, the cost of an unusual pet may be slightly lower - from 500 to 700 rubles.
When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the color of the eyes - in true albinos they will only be red. In partial ones, they may be black.
Albino rats are a great option for those who prefer to have loving and loyal pets. In addition, the new owner will be delighted with the magical appearance of the fluffy, his extraordinary mental abilities and easy-going character.
What should a house be like?
An albino's cage is where he will spend most of his life. It, like a person’s home, should be divided into sectors. In his home, the albino will eat, retire and rest, go to the toilet and be active.
Litter
The fairly common option of using newspapers and other paper is undesirable. Albinos tend to test the surrounding objects “by tooth”, and printing ink will not be useful for them.
At the same time, white hamsters with red eyes may be allergic to wood dust, so using clean, soft, dye-free wipes may be a solution. Hay is a good choice for bedding; some hamsters even make it their treat.
A common and convenient option is sawdust (it is important to ensure that there are no sharp chips or debris in them). Not only are they not harmful to an albino, but they also absorb moisture and odors.
Cleanliness in the cage is important, first of all, for the pet itself. Wood filler is one of the most popular and environmentally friendly options - it holds odors for up to two weeks.
A convenient but expensive material is corn filler. It absorbs liquids as much as possible and maintains an excellent appearance.
Various fibrous bedding materials are contraindicated - most often cotton wool and fabrics. They can get into the cheek pouches of an albino, begin to rot and lead to inflammation. Threads are often wrapped around hamsters' paws - this can result in the loss of limbs.
All litter changes as it gets dirty. The toilet area is cleaned daily.
Different containers for food and water
To prevent the albino from turning over the bowl of water, you can purchase a special drinking bowl that is attached to the bars of the cage. The owner of the animal needs to carefully monitor its serviceability and filling.
It is necessary to clean containers for food and water without using chemicals - soda or tooth powder will do.
Mouse Squad
Mammal. Cubs are viviparous. The female feeds the pups with milk for about a month. Each has 8 nipples. Pregnancy lasts about 25 days. After childbirth, the ability to conceive is restored after 9 days. There are from 1 to 12 cubs in a litter. The number of pregnancies per year is 3-5. There is a tendency for the rodent population to increase once every 7 years.
Mice are born blind, toothless, and naked. After a week, teeth begin to grow and fur appears. After 20 days, the incisors appear, and the young animals begin to provide for themselves. The young female is ready for fertilization after 3 months of her life.
Notes
- ↑ Sokolov V. E.
Five-language dictionary of animal names. Mammals. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / under the general editorship of academician. V. E. Sokolova. - M.: Rus. lang., 1984. - P. 177. - 352 p. — 10,000 copies. - ↑ Mammals in the Red Book of the Moscow Region
- ↑ Frey S., Essbauer S., Zöller G., Klempa B., Weidmann M., Dobler G., Pfeffer M.
CComplete Genome Sequence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Strain A104 Isolated from a Yellow-Necked Mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) in Austria (English) // Genome Announcements: magazine. — 2013. — August (no. 8). — P. 4 e00564-13. - doi:10.1128/genomeA.00564-13. - ↑ Avsic-Zupanc T., Xiao SY., Stojanovic R., Gligic A., van der Groen G., LeDuc JW.
Characterization of Dobrava virus: a Hantavirus from Slovenia, Yugoslavia (English) // Journal of Medical Virology: journal. - 1992. - October (no. 38). — P. 132-137.
Spreading
This small animal lives in the forest zone and mountain forest belt of the European part of the countries of the former Soviet Union and Western Europe. The habitat extends to the north, right up to the coast of the Baltic countries and the Karelian Isthmus. Then the northern border passes through the Kalinin, Gorky and Novgorod regions, Tatarstan. In the southwestern regions of the Odessa region and in the south of the Carpathians, the border of the range runs along the right bank of the Dnieper, through Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Lugansk and a little north of Volgograd it reaches the Volga. Along the right bank it goes up to Saratov and smoothly flows to the left bank to the forest-steppe regions of the Volga region.
The yellow-necked mouse, a photo of which we posted in this article, lives in the forests of the Caucasus, Crimea, and the lower reaches of the Sudak and Terek rivers.
Diet of mice
Mice are unpretentious when it comes to food. They enjoy eating grains - oats, millet, wheat, barley, corn. Sometimes you can feed the seeds in small quantities. They eat cottage cheese, cheese, and boiled egg whites well. Vegetables, fruits, berries, and bread are suitable as treats. From time to time it is necessary to add vitamins and mineral supplements to the diet. Pet stores sell special food for mice and treats for rodents. Due to the high rate of metabolic processes, food must always be in the feeder. Branches of fruit trees or birch are also needed for grinding down the incisors.
Plants that are poisonous to ornamental mice include: cory, hemlock, celandine, foxglove purple or red, wrestler, lily of the valley, white hellebore, henbane, crow's eye, nightshade, dope, anemone, poisonous sow thistle, wolfberry, night blindness, marsh marigold, meadow lumbago, self-seeded poppy, bracken fern, marsh rosemary.
Vanga's Dream Book
Seeing a snow-white mouse in a dream is a sign of purification and enlightenment. For businessmen, such a dream means the end of a crisis period and the signing of a lucrative contract. For a man, a white mouse is a symbol of long thought, a time to rethink his life and its essence. For a young girl, a mouse sitting on a dress means a meeting with a noble man who will become her patron. Giant white mouse - a period of prosperity will come in the world, all wars and conflicts will stop, people will come up with a new cure for a deadly disease.
